The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs located at the bottom of the rib cage and are mainly responsible for:

Activating a form of vitamin D that enhances calcium absorption.

Regulating blood pressure and the production of red blood cells.

Regulating pH, salt, and potassium levels in the body.

Filtering waste products, excess water, and other impurities out of the blood.

Changes in urine output.

Decreased sex drive, is very common in patients with kidney disease.

Sudden rise in potassium levels.

Nausea, vomiting due to a buildup of toxins and impurities in the blood.

Loss of appetite due to a buildup of toxins and impurities in the blood resulting from reduced kidney function.

Anaemia (a decrease in red blood cells), can cause weakness and fatigue.

Fluid retention is common in kidney disease and manifests with swelling.

Drink plenty of water: It helps to flush out infection-causing bacteria

Control blood sugar: The best way to prevent or slow kidney damage

Control blood pressure: High blood pressure can increase damage to the kidneys

Reduce salt intake: Too much salt can be harmful for people with kidney disease

Quit smoking: Smoking is harmful for the kidneys and can cause kidney disease to progress

DIAGNOSIS

Uric Acid

Uric acid is the end product of protein metabolism. The uric acid blood test is used to diagnose the cause of recurrent kidney stones and to monitor people with gout for stone formation.

Kidney Biopsy

A small sample of kidney tissue is extracted and examined for cell damage. An analysis of kidney tissue makes it easier to make a precise diagnosis of kidney disease

Kidney Scans

Kidney scans may include a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, computed tomography (CT) scan, or an ultrasound scan. The aim is to determine whether there are any blockages in the urine flow. These scans can also reveal the size and shape of the kidneys.

lomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test used to check how well the kidneys are working. Specifically, it estimates how much blood passes through the glomeruli each minute. Glomeruli are extremely small structures inside the kidneys that filter the blood.

Urine Examination

A urinalysis is a group of physical, chemical, and microscopic tests. The tests detect and measure several substances in the urine including glucose, protein, bilirubin, red blood cells, white blood cells, crystals, and bacteria.

Protein Creatinine Ratio, Urine A urine protein test is often used to screen for, help evaluate, and monitor kidney function and to help detect and diagnose early kidney disease. Urine Protein-Creatinine ratio is a simple & convenient method to quantitate & monitor proteinuria in adults with chronic kidney disease.

Microalbumin Creatinine Ratio

This test is useful in the management of patients with early Diabetes mellitus to assist in avoiding or delaying the onset of renal disease.

Kidney Panel, KFT

A kidney panel is a group of tests that may be performed together to evaluate kidney function.

Creatinine Clearance Test

Creatinine clearance reflects the glomerular filtration rate, the ability of kidneys to filter waste products. A moderate decrease in renal function is detected by creatinine clearance. It also monitors the progression of renal disease.

Beta-2 Microglobulin

Beta-2 microglobulin is a protein that is found on the surface of nucleated cells and functions as part of the human immune system. The beta-2 microglobulin test may be used when known physical or suspected kidney damage occurs to distinguish between glomerular and tubular disorders of the kidney.

Vitamin D 1, 25-Dihydroxy

Vitamin D is a family of compounds that is essential for the proper growth and formation of teeth and bones. This test measures the level of vitamin D in the blood. A low level of 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D can be seen in kidney disease and is one of the earliest changes to occur in persons with early kidney failure.